A Comparative Study on the Identification Methods of Urban–Rural Integration Zones from the Perspective of Symbiosis Theory and Urban Expansion Theory

Urban–rural integration zones are areas with the most prominent and complex contradictions in economic social, humanistic geographical, urban–rural contexts. Properly identifying such is essential for promoting integrated development rural revitalization efforts. In this study, symbiosis theory urban expansion employed to analyze identify spatial characteristics of main area Dalian City. Two distinct methods, namely G-statistic (G-S) method urban–urban–rural zone–rural gradient model (U-URIZ-R GM) method, used delimit these zones. Furthermore, results methods compared analyzed explore their respective practical applications. The indicate that both produce satisfactory identification outcomes delimiting Dalian. Specifically, identified predominantly situated northwest south regions, aligning coastline major transportation routes. However, hilly terrain a crucial factor influences delimitation zones, it worth considering whether forested located fringe should be included based on needs different cities. Notably, within core Dalian’s city, an extensive expanse mountainous woodland exists, leading limitations applicability certain indicators index system, as surface temperature vegetation cover, determining Symbiosis theories play vital role guiding Although can demarcate G-statistics probably more useful cities significant topographical features, while appropriate less impact from topography expansion.